How can you turn a
whole phrase into a modifier? 
A compound modifier is a combination of two or more words. Compound modifiers are grammatically equivalent
to single-word modifiers and can be used in combination with other
modifiers.  
Compound modifiers that appear before a noun phrase must include a hyphen between each word in order to avoid confusion.
Without hyphens, a reader might interpret the words separately, rather than as
a phrase. 
The
hyphen helps the reader differentiate a compound modifier from two adjacent
modifiers that modify the noun independently. Compare the following examples:
·        
"small appliance
industry": a small industry producing appliances
·        
"small-appliance industry":
an industry producing small appliances
 
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